ALL MARKETING NOTES All question and answer for marketing subject.

RATER ERROR
1.Varying standard/shifting standard-    when appraising employees, a manager should avoid applying different standard and expectation for employees performing similar jobs.
2.Recency effect-    Occurs when a rater gives greater weight to recent events when appraising an individual performance
3.Primary Effect-    Occurs when a rater gives greater weight to information received first when appraising an individual performance
4.Central Tendency errors-    Occurs when a rater gives all employees a score within a narrow range in the middle of the scale
5.Leniency errors -    Occurs when a rater gives all employees a score high on the scale
6.Strictness errors-    Occurs when a rater gives all employees a score low on the scale
7.Rater Bias-        Occur when a raters value or prejudice distort the rating
8.Halo and Horn effect -    Occurs when rater scores an employee high on all job criteria because of performance in one area.
9.Contrast Error-    Tendency to rate people relative to other, rather than against performance standards.
10.Similar to me / Different from me error -    raters is influenced by the type of qualification of the employees based on similarity with the rater.
11.Sampling Errors -    occurs when rater took only the small percentage of work by employees to be rated instead of all work done by the employees.